A solar-powered freezer is a refrigeration device that utilizes solar energy as its primary source of power. It is widely used for food preservation, vaccine storage, and cold chain needs in remote areas. It primarily converts light energy into electrical energy through solar photovoltaic panels, driving a compression refrigeration or semiconductor refrigeration system, and is equipped with a battery to maintain operation during nighttime or rainy days. Some advanced systems also incorporate thermal storage or cold storage technologies, such as thermal storage systems (TSS) or phase change materials, to optimize energy utilization efficiency. Solar-powered freezers are environmentally friendly and have low energy consumption, making them suitable for areas with unstable power grids or off-grid locations, such as rural areas, nomadic zones, and mobile refrigeration needs. Currently, this technology is still being optimized to improve solar energy conversion efficiency and reduce costs, promoting wider application.